Conclusion Follows
Conclusion Does Not Follow
Conclusion Follows
Conclusion Does Not Follow
Conclusion Follows
Conclusion Does Not Follow
All real estate assets are either very large or located in central areas, but not both. While no apartment is without air-conditioning, all air-conditioned real estate assets are very large.
Does this conclusion follow: Real estate assets that are located in central areas are not apartments.
Based on the primary passage of text, we can conclude that all apartments are very large. This is because we are told that:
You may know in reality that apartments can also be small, but this external knowledge must be disregarded in favour of focusing only on the information with which you are presented.
We can also conclude that very large assets are not located in central areas. This is because we are told that real estate assets are either “very large” or “located in central areas”, but, crucially, “not both” (meaning a real estate asset cannot be both very large and located in a central area).
So, if we deduce that all apartments are very large, and very large assets are not located in central areas, we can conclude that “real estate assets that are located in central areas are not apartments” (because apartments are very large, and very large assets are not located in central areas).
Bonds and stocks are both securities. These differ in that stockholders buy and own shares in companies, whereas bondholders lend money to company owners. Another difference is that bonds have a defined term, after which the bond is redeemed by the owners, whereas stocks may be perpetually outstanding. I invested money in Company ABC's stocks.
Does this conclusion follow: I didn't lend money to Company ABC.
We know from the passage that investing in a company’s stocks means buying an ownership share in that company, rather than lending money to that company (the latter being a characteristic of a bond). However, the passage doesn’t state that you cannot invest in both bonds and stocks, and doesn’t rule out the possibility that the maker of the statement lent money to Company ABC’s owners as well as investing in Company ABC’s stocks. So whilst we know the maker of the statement is a stockholder, we cannot conclude that they are definitely not a bondholder or other form of lender.
All plastic bags make noise. Nevertheless, not all plastic bags are reusable.
Does this conclusion follow: Some noisy plastic bags are reusable.
This is a tricky one, as many people would intuitively be tempted to select “Conclusion Follows” on the basis that:
However, we can’t assume that some plastic bags are reusable simply because we’re told that “not all plastic bags are reusable”. If no plastic bags were reusable, “not all plastic bags are reusable” would still ring true. In other words, we can’t assume that “not all…plastic bags” definitely means “some…plastic bags”; it could also mean “no…plastic bags”.
Over half of all new smartphones do not meet the highest standards for data privacy. Although the average number of smartphones meeting high data privacy standards has increased over the years, some new smartphones are still not as secure as the most secure phones made 5 years ago.
Proposed conclusion: Improving the data privacy of some new smartphones has been dependent on new encryption technologies.
", "text_explanation": "The passage doesn't mention encryption technologies or any specific methods for improving data privacy. This conclusion cannot be logically deduced from the information given in the passage.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 3, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105443990, 105443991 ] }, { "id": 29331533, "prompt": "Over half of all new smartphones do not meet the highest standards for data privacy. Although the average number of smartphones meeting high data privacy standards has increased over the years, some new smartphones are still not as secure as the most secure phones made 5 years ago.
Proposed conclusion: On average, users' data is as secure on older smartphones as it is on new ones.
", "text_explanation": "The passage states that the average number of smartphones meeting data privacy standards has increased over the years, which suggests that, on average, newer smartphones are likely more secure than older ones.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 4, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105443992, 105443993 ] }, { "id": 29331534, "prompt": "Over half of all new smartphones do not meet the highest standards for data privacy. Although the average number of smartphones meeting high data privacy standards has increased over the years, some new smartphones are still not as secure as the most secure phones made 5 years ago.
Proposed conclusion: New smart phones must be made with better security in future.
", "text_explanation": "Although the passage says that a lot of phones do not “meet the highest standards for data privacy” it doesn’t highlight any negative consequences of maintaining current levels of data security.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 5, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105443994, 105443995 ] }, { "id": 29331535, "prompt": "Over half of all new smartphones do not meet the highest standards for data privacy. Although the average number of smartphones meeting high data privacy standards has increased over the years, some new smartphones are still not as secure as the most secure phones made 5 years ago.
Proposed conclusion: Data privacy is generally better in new smartphones than older ones.
", "text_explanation": "The passage explains that \"the average number of smartphones meeting data privacy standards has increased over the years.\" This suggests a general improvement in data privacy for newer smartphones compared to older ones.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 6, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105443996, 105443997 ] }, { "id": 29331536, "prompt": "Over half of all new smartphones do not meet the highest standards for data privacy. Although the average number of smartphones meeting high data privacy standards has increased over the years, some new smartphones are still not as secure as the most secure phones made 5 years ago.
Proposed conclusion: All smartphones manufactured in the last year have improved data privacy features.
", "text_explanation": "While there's a general trend of improvement, the passage doesn't support a blanket statement about all recent smartphones having improved features.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 7, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105443998, 105443999 ] }, { "id": 29331537, "prompt": "Over half of all new smartphones do not meet the highest standards for data privacy. Although the average number of smartphones meeting high data privacy standards has increased over the years, some new smartphones are still not as secure as the most secure phones made 5 years ago.
Proposed conclusion: The security of new smartphones has not improved consistently over the years.
", "text_explanation": "The passage states that, “the average number of smartphones meeting high data privacy standards has increased”, however, the mention of some new smartphones “not being as secure…” as older models introduces uncertainty around the consistency of security improvement over time.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 8, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444000, 105444001 ] }, { "id": 29331538, "prompt": "Many companies are adopting remote work policies to improve employee satisfaction and productivity. Research shows higher job satisfaction among remote workers due to increased flexibility. However, some managers worry about team cohesion and collaboration. As a result, some companies are implementing hybrid models to balance flexibility with in-person interaction.
Proposed conclusion: All employees prefer remote work over in-office work.
", "text_explanation": "The passage mentions higher satisfaction with remote work but doesn't imply that “all” employees prefer remote working.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 9, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444002, 105444003 ] }, { "id": 29331539, "prompt": "Many companies are adopting remote work policies to improve employee satisfaction and productivity. Research shows higher job satisfaction among remote workers due to increased flexibility. However, some managers worry about team cohesion and collaboration. As a result, some companies are implementing hybrid models to balance flexibility with in-person interaction.
Proposed conclusion: Increased flexibility leads to more contentedness with work among remote workers.
", "text_explanation": "The primary passage directly links higher job satisfaction among remote workers to increased flexibility. Therefore the proposed conclusion logically follows.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 10, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444004, 105444005 ] }, { "id": 29331540, "prompt": "Many companies are adopting remote work policies to improve employee satisfaction and productivity. Research shows higher job satisfaction among remote workers due to increased flexibility. However, some managers worry about team cohesion and collaboration. As a result, some companies are implementing hybrid models to balance flexibility with in-person interaction.
Proposed conclusion: Remote work always leads to increased productivity.
", "text_explanation": "While research shows higher satisfaction, the passage doesn't comment on whether remote work has actually impacted “productivity” in practice. ", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 11, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444006, 105444007 ] }, { "id": 29331541, "prompt": "Many companies are adopting remote work policies to improve employee satisfaction and productivity. Research shows higher job satisfaction among remote workers due to increased flexibility. However, some managers worry about team cohesion and collaboration. As a result, some companies are implementing hybrid models to balance flexibility with in-person interaction.
Proposed conclusion: Managers have concerns about the impact of remote work on team dynamics.
", "text_explanation": "The passage explicitly mentions managers' worries about team cohesion and collaboration in remote settings.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 12, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444008, 105444009 ] }, { "id": 29331542, "prompt": "Many companies are adopting remote work policies to improve employee satisfaction and productivity. Research shows higher job satisfaction among remote workers due to increased flexibility. However, some managers worry about team cohesion and collaboration. As a result, some companies are implementing hybrid models to balance flexibility with in-person interaction.
Proposed conclusion: All companies will eventually adopt some form of remote work policy.
", "text_explanation": "While many companies are adopting such policies, the passage doesn't suggest this will be universal.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 13, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444010, 105444011 ] }, { "id": 29331543, "prompt": "Many companies are adopting remote work policies to improve employee satisfaction and productivity. Research shows higher job satisfaction among remote workers due to increased flexibility. However, some managers worry about team cohesion and collaboration. As a result, some companies are implementing hybrid models to balance flexibility with in-person interaction.
Proposed conclusion: Remote work policies negatively impact team cohesion and collaboration.
", "text_explanation": "Although the passage states that “some managers worry…” about team cohesion, no evidence is given in the passage about whether or not the worry is legitimate (i.e. that there is a negative impact from remote working.)", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 14, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444012, 105444013 ] }, { "id": 29331544, "prompt": "A survey at a tech company revealed 75% of employees feel they have professional development opportunities. Many appreciate the training programmes and mentorship initiatives. However, some employees cited concerns about programme accessibility due to scheduling conflicts and lack of awareness. The company is considering ways to enhance communication about these opportunities.
Proposed conclusion: All employees take on the professional development programmes offered.
", "text_explanation": "The passage mentions that some employees lack awareness about available resources so it doesn’t follow that all employees use the resources.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 15, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444014, 105444015 ] }, { "id": 29331545, "prompt": "A survey at a tech company revealed 75% of employees feel they have professional development opportunities. Many appreciate the training programmes and mentorship initiatives. However, some employees cited concerns about programme accessibility due to scheduling conflicts and lack of awareness. The company is considering ways to enhance communication about these opportunities.
Proposed conclusion: A majority of employees feel they have access to professional development opportunities.
", "text_explanation": "The passage states that 75% of respondents feel they have such opportunities so this statement is supported.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 16, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444016, 105444017 ] }, { "id": 29331546, "prompt": "A survey at a tech company revealed 75% of employees feel they have professional development opportunities. Many appreciate the training programmes and mentorship initiatives. However, some employees cited concerns about programme accessibility due to scheduling conflicts and lack of awareness. The company is considering ways to enhance communication about these opportunities.
Proposed conclusion: The majority of employees are actively participating in the training programmes and mentorship initiatives.
", "text_explanation": "The passage states 75% of employees “feel they have professional development opportunities” and “many appreciate…” some of these opportunities; however, awareness of programmes and initiatives, alongside appreciation, does not necessarily mean active participation. Employees can know and appreciate that the initiatives exist without engaging with them.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 17, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444018, 105444019 ] }, { "id": 29331547, "prompt": "A survey at a tech company revealed 75% of employees feel they have professional development opportunities. Many appreciate the training programmes and mentorship initiatives. However, some employees cited concerns about programme accessibility due to scheduling conflicts and lack of awareness. The company is considering ways to enhance communication about these opportunities.
Proposed conclusion: The company believes current communication about these opportunities could be more effective.
", "text_explanation": "If the company is “considering ways to enhance communication”, this implies that the company believes the current communication has room for improvement.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 18, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444020, 105444021 ] }, { "id": 29331548, "prompt": "A survey at a tech company revealed 75% of employees feel they have professional development opportunities. Many appreciate the training programmes and mentorship initiatives. However, some employees cited concerns about programme accessibility due to scheduling conflicts and lack of awareness. The company is considering ways to enhance communication about these opportunities.
Proposed conclusion: The training programmes and mentorship initiatives are effective.
", "text_explanation": "Whilst the passage states that many “appreciate the training programmes and mentorship initiatives”, appreciation does not necessarily equate to effectiveness. The employees could appreciate that they are available without actually knowing what they involve. Accordingly, as far as we know from the passage, it's possible that the programmes and initiatives are not actually achieving their intended outcomes.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 19, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444022, 105444023 ] }, { "id": 29331549, "prompt": "A manufacturing company is starting to use automation technologies to reduce costs and improve efficiency. Initial tests show increased output and reduced errors. However, workers are concerned about job security. Management plans to hold meetings to address these concerns and discuss potential retraining programmes for affected workers.
Proposed conclusion: Automation will eliminate all manual jobs in the company.
", "text_explanation": "The passage doesn't state that “all” manual jobs will be eliminated, only that there are concerns about job security.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 20, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444024, 105444025 ] }, { "id": 29331550, "prompt": "A manufacturing company is starting to use automation technologies to reduce costs and improve efficiency. Initial tests show increased output and reduced errors. However, workers are concerned about job security. Management plans to hold meetings to address these concerns and discuss potential retraining programmes for affected workers.
Proposed conclusion: Automation has improved production efficiency in initial tests.
", "text_explanation": "The passage states that initial tests showed increased output and reduced errors.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 21, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444026, 105444027 ] }, { "id": 29331551, "prompt": "A manufacturing company is starting to use automation technologies to reduce costs and improve efficiency. Initial tests show increased output and reduced errors. However, workers are concerned about job security. Management plans to hold meetings to address these concerns and discuss potential retraining programmes for affected workers.
Proposed conclusion: Management is aware of workers' concerns about job security.
", "text_explanation": "The statement directly says that “management plans to hold meetings to address concerns and discuss retraining programmes”, which it would be less likely to do if they didn’t have any awareness about workers’ concerns, particularly around job security.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 22, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444028, 105444029 ] }, { "id": 29331552, "prompt": "A manufacturing company is starting to use automation technologies to reduce costs and improve efficiency. Initial tests show increased output and reduced errors. However, workers are concerned about job security. Management plans to hold meetings to address these concerns and discuss potential retraining programmes for affected workers.
Proposed conclusion: The company will provide retraining programmes for workers.
", "text_explanation": "Although management plans to discuss “potential retraining programmes…” these are positioned as potential, rather than definite. In addition, the passage does not describe who would provide the programmes so we do not know whether the company will take responsibility for this.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 23, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444030, 105444031 ] }, { "id": 29331553, "prompt": "A manufacturing company is starting to use automation technologies to reduce costs and improve efficiency. Initial tests show increased output and reduced errors. However, workers are concerned about job security. Management plans to hold meetings to address these concerns and discuss potential retraining programmes for affected workers.
Proposed conclusion: Everyone at the manufacturing company will be affected by the use of automation technologies.
", "text_explanation": "The passage states that there will potential retraining programmes for “affected workers”. This suggests that the affected workers are a subset of the company. If the whole staff were affected, the passage could instead describe an all staff meeting to discuss the potential programmes.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 24, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444032, 105444033 ] }, { "id": 29331554, "prompt": "All successful inventors are highly creative individuals. Some highly creative individuals do not enjoy problem-solving. Every successful inventor enjoys problem-solving.
Proposed conclusion: Some highly creative individuals are not successful inventors.
", "text_explanation": "Based on the passage, we know for certain that all successful inventors are highly creative and enjoy problem solving. \n\nHowever, we’re not told the converse, i.e. that all “highly creative individuals” are investors/ enjoy problem solving. In fact, we’re told that some highly creative individuals do not enjoy problem solving. \n\nIf a highly creative individual doesn’t enjoy problem-solving, then based on the passage, they cannot be a successful inventor. \n\nFor this reason, the conclusion follows. ", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 25, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444034, 105444035 ] }, { "id": 29331555, "prompt": "All successful inventors are highly creative individuals. Some highly creative individuals do not enjoy problem-solving. Every successful inventor enjoys problem-solving.
Proposed conclusion: Some highly creative individuals enjoy problem-solving.
", "text_explanation": "The passage states that every successful inventor enjoys problem-solving and that all successful inventors are highly creative. \n\nAs successful inventors are a subset of highly creative individuals and they all enjoy problem-solving, this confirms that at least some highly creative individuals do enjoy problem-solving. ", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 26, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444036, 105444037 ] }, { "id": 29331556, "prompt": "All successful inventors are highly creative individuals. Some highly creative individuals do not enjoy problem-solving. Every successful inventor enjoys problem-solving.
Proposed conclusion: No highly creative individuals dislike problem-solving.
", "text_explanation": "The passage explicitly states that some highly creative individuals do not enjoy problem-solving. This directly contradicts the proposed conclusion.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 27, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444038, 105444039 ] }, { "id": 29331557, "prompt": "All successful inventors are highly creative individuals. Some highly creative individuals do not enjoy problem-solving. Every successful inventor enjoys problem-solving.
Proposed conclusion: Every successful inventor is a highly creative individual who enjoys problem-solving.
", "text_explanation": "The passage states that all successful inventors are highly creative, and separately, that every successful inventor enjoys problem-solving. \n\nBoth of these characteristics are directly linked to successful inventors, and so it follows that every successful inventor is a highly creative individual who enjoys problem-solving.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 28, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444040, 105444041 ] }, { "id": 29331558, "prompt": "All successful inventors are highly creative individuals. Some highly creative individuals do not enjoy problem-solving. Every successful inventor enjoys problem-solving.
Proposed conclusion: If someone enjoys problem-solving, they must be a successful inventor.
", "text_explanation": "The passage states that all successful inventors enjoy problem-solving. \n\nHowever, it does not state that only successful inventors enjoy problem-solving, leaving open the possibility that other categories of people may also enjoy problem-solving. We are simply not given enough information to reach a conclusion either way based on what we’re told in the passage. ", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 29, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444042, 105444043 ] }, { "id": 29331559, "prompt": "All successful inventors are highly creative individuals. Some highly creative individuals do not enjoy problem-solving. Every successful inventor enjoys problem-solving.
Proposed conclusion: Some inventors who enjoy problem-solving do not enjoy being creative.
", "text_explanation": "The passage states that all successful inventors are highly creative. However, it doesn’t provide any information about whether such investors actually enjoy being creative. For this reason, the conclusion does not follow. The inclusion of “who enjoy problem-solving” doesn’t impact the analysis, as we know that this applies to all investors anyway.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 30, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444044, 105444045 ] }, { "id": 29331560, "prompt": "Some planets in the Milky Way galaxy have atmospheres. Some planets that have atmospheres do not support life. However, every planet that does support life has an atmosphere.
Proposed conclusion: All planets with life have atmospheres.
", "text_explanation": "The passage explicitly states, \"Every planet that does support life has an atmosphere\", meaning that this conclusion follows.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 31, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444046, 105444047 ] }, { "id": 29331561, "prompt": "Some planets in the Milky Way galaxy have atmospheres. Some planets that have atmospheres do not support life. However, every planet that does support life has an atmosphere.
Proposed conclusion: All planets in the Milky Way support life.
", "text_explanation": "The passage only states that some planets in the Milky Way have atmospheres, indicating that other planets in the Milky Way do not have an atmosphere. The third sentence also makes it clear that if a planet doesn’t have an atmosphere, it cannot support life. We can therefore conclude that some planets in the Milky Way do not support life (so the proposed conclusion does not follow). ", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 32, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444048, 105444049 ] }, { "id": 29331562, "prompt": "Some planets in the Milky Way galaxy have atmospheres. Some planets that have atmospheres do not support life. However, every planet that does support life has an atmosphere.
Proposed conclusion: If a planet supports life, it must be in the Milky Way.
", "text_explanation": "The passage does not give any information about atmospheric planets beyond the Milky Way.\n\nThis means that we cannot say for certain than a life-supporting planet must be in the Milky Way, meaning the conclusion does not follow.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 33, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444050, 105444051 ] }, { "id": 29331563, "prompt": "Some planets in the Milky Way galaxy have atmospheres. Some planets that have atmospheres do not support life. However, every planet that does support life has an atmosphere.
Proposed conclusion: Some planets that do not support life have atmospheres.
", "text_explanation": "The passage explicitly states that \"some planets that have atmospheres do not support life”, indicating there are planets without life but with atmospheres, in line with the proposed conclusion. ", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 34, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444052, 105444053 ] }, { "id": 29331564, "prompt": "Some planets in the Milky Way galaxy have atmospheres. Some planets that have atmospheres do not support life. However, every planet that does support life has an atmosphere.
Proposed conclusion: If a planet does not have an atmosphere, it cannot support life.
", "text_explanation": "The passage states that “every “ planet that supports life has an atmosphere. \n\nOn this basis, if a planet lacks an atmosphere, it cannot support life, in line with the proposed conclusion.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 35, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444054, 105444055 ] }, { "id": 29331565, "prompt": "Some planets in the Milky Way galaxy have atmospheres. Some planets that have atmospheres do not support life. However, every planet that does support life has an atmosphere.
Proposed conclusion: Having an atmosphere is sufficient for a planet to support life.
", "text_explanation": "Although the passage explains that all planets that support life have an atmosphere, this could be coincidental, or the atmosphere may be one of many characteristics that a planet needs to exhibit in order to support life. Based on what we’re told, we can’t conclude that having an atmosphere is, by itself, sufficient for a planet to support life. We simply don’t have enough information.\n", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 36, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444056, 105444057 ] }, { "id": 29331566, "prompt": "All planets with an atmosphere contain some form of gas. Some planets that contain gas do not support life. However, every planet that supports life has an atmosphere.
Proposed conclusion: Some planets with an atmosphere do not support life.
", "text_explanation": "We’re told that every planet that supports life has an atmosphere. However, we’re not told the converse (i.e. that every planet with an atmosphere supports life). There may therefore be planets with atmospheres out there that do not support life (but we can’t tell for certain based on this part of the primary passage).\n\nWe’re also told that every planet with an atmosphere contains gas, but again, not the converse. This means it could be possible that some planets contain gas but have no atmosphere. \n\nOn this basis, every single planet with an atmosphere (which we know must also contain gas) could - theoretically - support life, whilst other planets which have gas (but perhaps no atmosphere) don’t support life.\n\nFor this reason, we cannot determine that the conclusion follows.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 37, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444058, 105444059 ] }, { "id": 29331567, "prompt": "All planets with an atmosphere contain some form of gas. Some planets that contain gas do not support life. However, every planet that supports life has an atmosphere.
Proposed conclusion: Every planet that supports life contains gas.
", "text_explanation": "The passage states that every planet that supports life has an atmosphere (sentence 3), and that all planets with an atmosphere contain gas. \n\nIf all life-supporting planets have atmospheres, and all atmospheres contain gas, it follows that every planet that supports life must contain gas.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 38, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444060, 105444061 ] }, { "id": 29331568, "prompt": "All planets with an atmosphere contain some form of gas. Some planets that contain gas do not support life. However, every planet that supports life has an atmosphere.
Proposed conclusion: No planet without an atmosphere contains gas.
", "text_explanation": "According to the passage, every single planet with an atmosphere contains gas. However, the passage doesn’t directly comment on whether the converse applies – i.e. whether any planets exist that contain gas but don’t have an atmosphere). This leaves open the possibility that there are some planets without an atmosphere that still contain gas. We simply can’t reach a conclusion either way based on what we’re explicitly told.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 39, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444062, 105444063 ] }, { "id": 29331569, "prompt": "All planets with an atmosphere contain some form of gas. Some planets that contain gas do not support life. However, every planet that supports life has an atmosphere.
Proposed conclusion: Every planet with an atmosphere supports life.
", "text_explanation": "According to the passage, every single planet that supports life has an atmosphere. However, the passage doesn’t directly comment on whether the converse applies – i.e. whether every planet with an atmosphere supports life. This leaves open the possibility that there are some planets with an atmosphere that do not support life.\n\nTherefore, some planets with an atmosphere (which contain gases) may not have the necessary conditions for life, meaning we can’t confirm that the conclusion follows. There isn’t enough information.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 40, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444064, 105444065 ] }, { "id": 29331570, "prompt": "All planets with an atmosphere contain some form of gas. Some planets that contain gas do not support life. However, every planet that supports life has an atmosphere.
Proposed conclusion: If a planet has gas, it must have an atmosphere.
", "text_explanation": "The passage states that all planets with an atmosphere contain gas, but it does not confirm the opposite – i.e. whether all planets containing gas have an atmosphere. \n\nSome planets without an atmosphere may still contain gas, meaning we cannot state that the proposed conclusion follows. ", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 41, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444066, 105444067 ] }, { "id": 29331571, "prompt": "All planets with an atmosphere contain some form of gas. Some planets that contain gas do not support life. However, every planet that supports life has an atmosphere.
Proposed conclusion: Some planets that support life do not contain gas.
", "text_explanation": "We know that if a planet supports life it must have an atmosphere, and that if a planet has an atmosphere, it must contain gas. \n\nTherefore, all planets that support life must contain gas, meaning the conclusion does not follow.", "quiz_id": 1211748, "position": 42, "display_type": "radio", "choice_ids": [ 105444068, 105444069 ] } ] }